Free Essays on My Tutoring Job

In my junior year I became a tutor for elementary school students in Salvation Army’s After School Program and worked four days a week after school. I really enjoyed doing the job because I could help the children with their homework and was able to earn enough money for my own expenses. The challenge to me was that I had to have a bible lesson for the children every Friday. Basically it was included games and songs that I must think of for them. Since I have been in the Youth Fellowship there for two years, the pastor trusted me enough that I could get this job done well. The pressures were all on me. It was my great pleasure to do my best to let the children know more about Jesus, but at the same time; it was very difficult to me because my bible knowledge was limited. Besides that, I had never taught anyone in my life. All the sudden I had 28 students; it was incredible. Fortunately, there were many useful teaching materials (pictures, crafts, videotapes...) that the church supplied to me that helped me make the teaching lessons more efficient and interesting. I had to prepare everything for the story before Friday. That was where I started to take things seriously and started being mature. By doing this job, I learned to take on more responsibilities and be more organized. I had three students who were six years old. They were pretty good friends and always played together. The problem was every time I was talking to the class, they whispered to each other on their seats. Their action bothered the rest of the class. I warned them a couple of times but they seemed to ignore me. I was kind of frustrated at that moment. And later I thought that my job was to make them be positive; I shouldn’t be mad at all; this is what God wants me to do for Him. I was to play a role model and guide these children to His way. And I believed I could do it. So the next Friday I told them to separate from each other and dur... Free Essays on My Tutoring Job Free Essays on My Tutoring Job In my junior year I became a tutor for elementary school students in Salvation Army’s After School Program and worked four days a week after school. I really enjoyed doing the job because I could help the children with their homework and was able to earn enough money for my own expenses. The challenge to me was that I had to have a bible lesson for the children every Friday. Basically it was included games and songs that I must think of for them. Since I have been in the Youth Fellowship there for two years, the pastor trusted me enough that I could get this job done well. The pressures were all on me. It was my great pleasure to do my best to let the children know more about Jesus, but at the same time; it was very difficult to me because my bible knowledge was limited. Besides that, I had never taught anyone in my life. All the sudden I had 28 students; it was incredible. Fortunately, there were many useful teaching materials (pictures, crafts, videotapes...) that the church supplied to me that helped me make the teaching lessons more efficient and interesting. I had to prepare everything for the story before Friday. That was where I started to take things seriously and started being mature. By doing this job, I learned to take on more responsibilities and be more organized. I had three students who were six years old. They were pretty good friends and always played together. The problem was every time I was talking to the class, they whispered to each other on their seats. Their action bothered the rest of the class. I warned them a couple of times but they seemed to ignore me. I was kind of frustrated at that moment. And later I thought that my job was to make them be positive; I shouldn’t be mad at all; this is what God wants me to do for Him. I was to play a role model and guide these children to His way. And I believed I could do it. So the next Friday I told them to separate from each other and dur...

The Online Profits Training Program Is Open

The Online Profits Training Program Is Open The Online Profits Training Program Is Open The Online Profits Training Program Is Open By Daniel Scocco After I mentioned the 10 Deadly Business Mistakes You Should Avoid report last week some readers emailed me saying they were interested in joining the training program. If you are among those, you can do so today, as we just opened the doors to 300 more members. Just visit OnlineProfits.com to get all the details and signup. The number of spots is limited because I personally answer to all the questions that members post on our private forum, and this takes a lot of time. We also prefer to keep a limited number of members joining at every launch because it becomes easier to manage customer support and to make sure that no client will get disappointed. Finally, if you are not sure what Online Profits is about, it is basically an Internet marketing training program that will teach you all you need to know to start building websites and online businesses. I am the founder, but the training material was created by ten world-class experts, each with a different expertise. The training modules range from domain names to affiliate marketing, from social media to search engine optimization. Check it out if you thing it could be the right program for you. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the General category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:20 Great Similes from Literature to Inspire Youâ€Å"As Well As† Does Not Mean â€Å"And†Grammar Review #1: Particles and Phrasal Verbs

Linguistics Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Linguistics - Term Paper Example Coprolalia is not only in verbal situations but some of its victims also show signs of obscenities like usually sticking the middle finger to the police and public, using the hands and body parts around the genitals to give gestures of sexual obscenities the deaf could also use sign language. The condition of Coprolalia is part of a condition called the Tourette syndrome (Timothy 20). I believe that since this is more of a social than a medical problem, it is the role of the society as a whole to educate itself about coprolalia. The society includes those suffering from the condition and those not suffering from it because both sides are victims. On the side of the affected, it is the role of those they interact with on a daily basis to educate them about the condition. For the young children, it is the role of their parents and teachers to teach them on how to control themselves when exposed to certain situations. The patient should be made to acknowledge that these words are involuntary and do not depict their actual opinions on the person he might have told. Teachers should teach the students not to be involved in situations that they are likely to get annoyed as their reactions are highly explosive. Therefore, as a child grows up, they will learn that they have to know to what extent he can carry on with an argument before they lose their cool and starts talk ing obscenities involuntarily. The parents should comfort their children by assuring them that even those suffering from this condition can lead healthy normal lives. Illustrations from family members and well known professionals can help assure the child of a bright future. It is important especially for the girls to be told that the condition is not hereditary and, therefore, their children will not necessarily have a similar condition (Mitzi 99). Since coprolalia is a condition of Tourette syndrome, public awareness of the condition can be done by giving contributions to the Tourette Syndrome

Aviation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Aviation - Essay Example interfered with following the construction of the new Air Traffic Control Tower whose thick walls to some extent blocked the controllers view some portions of the runways, approach paths and also ramps (Young & Wells, 2011). Following these observations, the Federal Aviation Administration suggested the demolition of the new tower in order to avoid risks associated with reduced visibility of the runways and ramps by the air traffic controllers. The President of Miami branch of National Air Traffic claimed that the construction of the new tower was too risky since failure of the controllers to see and guide aircrafts appropriately would lead to unnecessary accidents. The design of the new tower was direly criticized by air traffic controller and some even swore never to work on that tower if at all it was finally established (Brown, 2000). Miami Airport has the 10th busiest runway in the entire country with an increased level of air traffic hence does not deserve to have issues of blockage of runways as would have happened if the new tower was opened. Observations of aircraft usage is done by the controllers by use of cameras that are able to observe beyond the walls of the new tower so as to minimize risks of accidents before demolition of the new tower occurs. The nearest airport to Miami International Airport is Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood Airport while other big airports around the vicinity are South Bimini Airport and Palm Beach International Airport (Brown,

Bloomberg Essentials Online Training Program Essay Example for Free

Bloomberg Essentials Online Training Program Essay Hello, and welcome to the equity session of the Bloomberg Essentials Online Training Program. My name is Rosie Genao, and the goal of this training session is to get you acclimated with our equity functionality so you can quickly and easily navigate through the tools that will be vital for your daily investment analysis. I will start with key news functions that will keep you up-to-speed with headlines that can affect your investment strategies, as well as the equities markets on the whole. From there, we will walk through functionality that will help you quickly assess the trends of the equities markets. Finally, we will focus on how you can best use Bloomberg for investment idea generation and in-depth security analysis. Our equities resources fully integrate the very best in real-time data, news and research, providing you with an unmatched level of market data transparency, dynamic monitors, and powerful analytics. With these tools, you can delve into more than 20 years of financial statements, sell-side consensus estimates, extensive technical analysis studies, and idea generation tools for a pool of more than 410,000 equities (ph). As the Bloomberg Essentials news video outlines, Ngo, which is located in 15 company news, is the main news function and platform for real-time news from tens of thousands of sources, including Bloomberg. It has the most important, most popular, and most recent news across any category. This page will automatically update throughout the day so you can stay abreast of news that impacts the markets and your portfolio. For the equity space, you can customize this page to display news specific to the equities markets simply by navigating to the left sidebar, which includes an array of topics and securities, and clicking on stocks. When you click on stocks, you will see the right hand side populate with the relevant news for stocks in the Americas or anywhere across the world. Once you click on stocks on the left hand side, you can select this particular topic as your default simply by clicking on 90 go to save as default at the very top. Notice also that you can use this same sidebar on the left to click into other topics, such as technology or featured news articles that we have on the terminal, such as on European debt. Also note that whenever you see a small B icon next to any article, this means that this is a Bloomberg exclusive story, while the white highlights or indicates that the story has been posted to the system in the last 15 minutes. Another crucial aspect of news functionality is the ability to mine for news and press releases that directly impact a particular investment strategy. You can run NSEgo at the very top, and you will see a drop-down menu appear which will allow you to select the first function, which is news search. NSE provides unmatched granularity for sector, region, or security-specific news. NSE allows you to search through Bloomberg’s extensive database of news by a simple word search. To make your search within NSE as efficient as possible, the function includes auto complete predictive text, which will come up when typing in your search criteria. For example, let’s say we’re looking into a search for IBM. If I were to type IBM, you will see that an entire listing will appear in the drop-down menu where the company itself appears first. As you type in your news search topic, the function provides you with a list of relevant results which you then can result from. This saves you time in putting together applicable news searches. I’d also like to point out that within NSE, you have the option of running a basis or an advanced search, which you can select at the top. With the advanced search, not only can you filter by keywords, but you can also filter on entire ticket lists, topics, people, among other. For example, let’s create a custom news wire that tracks earning news on companies in India. I’ll start with the criteria of earnings. Using the amber search box at the top of the page, I’ll start by simply typing in the keyword itself, earnings. And when I do that, again, you’ll see that the topic itself appears. When you select on earnings, the bottom part of the screen will allow you to start previewing some of the results that are related to earnings. I’ll go back to my search at the top and input India because I’d like to filter for earnings news within India. And when I do that, again, as you can see, you’ll see India appear at the very top. As you continue to add criteria, the results will continue to update at the bottom under preview results. There are other ways on the terminal to find what you need specifically with news. There are pre-set news monitors on the terminal that you can use to get stories as they are released within a specific topic. For example, going along with our example of earnings, if you’re interested in news related to earnings in general, you can run NI ERN. And what that will do is select or pull up a scrolling news monitor of news only on earnings. These pre-set news monitors, as you saw, start with NI and are streaming in real time. The news articles will appear and will flash as the stories come in. As you can see, from here you can further refine the search to meet your specific investment analysis criteria. You can either click on 97 actions at the very top and edit the search, or you can simply add additional keywords in the narrow search box. Bloomberg also provides direct access to sell side and independent research from over 1,500 sources within our research search engine RSEgo. With RSEgo, you have real-time delivery of reports. That ensures that you are getting the information as soon as it is available. With RSE, you have the option of selecting news research articles by category, sector, or simply all research that is available. In the top left corner, you can also filter further. You can select all research or you can select specific filters in the – within the drop-down menu that allows you to choose, for example, between an equity index or perhaps a portfolio that you may already have loaded on the terminal. After exploring the ways in which you can keep up-to-speed with the news and research that affects both the broad markets and your investments, I’d like to move into functionality that will give you a solid grasp of overall market movement and assist you with investment analysis. We’ll start with EVTS. EVTS is Bloomberg’s corporate event and transcript resource, tracking over 100,000 events and transcribing over 25,000 conference calls a year. Coverage includes earnings releases, earnings calls, sales results, shareholder meetings, investor conferences, MA calls, and other relevant company events. Coverage also includes live transcription of calls as they happen, corrected PDF versions of the call, summary reports, and links to webcasts and archived audio. At the top of the screen, you’ll be able to customize a number of things. You’ll be able to select the source from which you want to pull in specific company-related releases. So for example, you can click on source, and let’s select an equity index. For our example, we’ll select the SP, which is SPX. You’ll see that you have the ability to customize the data range. You can select it to now, next seven days, or you can customize further. Once you’re done customizing, at the very top you can press the go key and you will see a list populate at the bottom with the relevant event types pertaining to the source and the particular date range. While you have the ability to export these events into your Outlook calendar simply by clicking into any one of these icons on the far right column, keep in mind that you can also click into each event for links to other analytics, including pages on earnings analysis, fundamental data, research reports, and company news. Once you select an event, which I’ve just done, you can click on analysis in the top left corner to display and analyze a number of – of related analyses that you can continue to run on that particular security. For our example, you can select earnings analysis. In this example, we selected the SP as our security poll. From there, you’ll be able to, depending on the tab that you are on, you can drill down further into each of the sectors comprising the index. As you click into a particular sector, you’re able to drill down further for performance to not only see how the sub-sectors are performing, but also how the securities within these sub-sectors are performing and how they correlate to the overall earnings analysis. You can review on the terminal for investment ideas by screening for stocks in these sectors (ph) using our equity screening function, EQSgo. EQSgo is the Bloomberg equities screening application that allows you to search for securities based on your defined criteria from a broad set of underlying data. The interface used for this tool offers full transparency at every step of the screening process. You can now identify investment ideas with advanced analytical functionality. Before we go into a sample screen, I’d also like to point out that there are three main tabs at the bottom. One, where you can build and edit your screen, two, where you can access the screens that you have already created and saved, and three, example screens where you can access screens already created by Bloomberg for customers like you. So let’s start with the 91 build/edit screen. For a quick example, if we want to search for all companies trading below their cash and equivalence in the materials sector, we can start by searching for our sector by simply typing materials in the amber box in the middle of the page. As I type materials, you’ll see that the drop-down menu updates and allows you to essentially filter for all the materials-related fields that we have. So let’s select the first option, which is materials. The more you type, the further it narrows your choices. So let’s go ahead and select and input our second criteria. Next, for the fundamental criteria, I will search for market cap, again, in the amber field. Select the appropriate field, which in this case is the first one. Select, when prompted, whether I want to view whether it’s greater than, less than, et cetera. In this case, I will select less than. And in the third amber box that eventually appears, I will type in cash to find the field that I am looking for. I will use the default, latest filing, and press go. Now you’ll notice under selected screening criteria that at the bottom you’ll see the number of securities that meet both criterias that I input. You’ll see the exact number in the bottom right. If you have a specific fundamental or technical-based ratio that you’d like to use but it’s not currently available in our list of fields, you can use the formula tab located at the top to create a custom field for use in your screen. This provides full flexibility in your search. Keep in mind that you can also add criteria using the universe criteria given at the very top. This includes full product segmentation and allows you to search for specific revenue drivers. After you finish selecting all of the criteria, you can click on results in the lower right. All of the securities that match will appear in a list with a list of comparable columns. This will include any numerical values from your search criteria. You can also add columns to this view using the amber field above, or also by clicking on fields in the top right. Once you have your securities listed, you can then click into each of them for links to further analysis with the description page. You’ll see not only the description page, but also related functionality for further analysis. So let’s click into company description, the second option. On the description page, you’ll see that the market information for the selected security appears at the top of the screen. Just below that, you’ll find a snapshot of stock data with links to further analysis regarding the profile of the company, issue information, ratios, and revenue and EPS. With this particular page, you can click into any one of the functionalities that’s highlighted to be taken to another page on the terminal for additional analysis. Also, at the top, you’ll be able to click on the report feature, which allows you to create your own snapshot of the company on your screen, and allows you to print it for your Japanese security. To continue your security-specific analysis, Bloomberg offers a wide range of graphing functionality. To start, you can quickly view the historic movement of a stock on GPgo. GP displays historical closing prices for a selected security, which you can see in the upper left, but also features a wide range of customization options. At the top, you’ll see a gray taskbar that allows you to quickly jump between periods, also add annotation, news and zoom (ph). Sorry, I didn’t even go – also, in the upper right, you have the option to add additional securities or studies for your graph, as well as events. If you click into events, for example, you’ll be able to see that you can add events such as acquisitions, dividends, earnings, et cetera, so that you can easily plot them on your graph. To view the underlying end-of-day pricing for this particular security, you can either scroll down one page, or you can simply run the function HPgo for historical pricing. Historical pricing on HP allows you to customize the data range, the currency, and the period at the very top of the page. If you’re interested in further analysis using technical studies, you can continue your graphical analysis of the security by running Graphgo at the top. This function provides you with a number of things. In the top left, you’ll be able to see the chart of the day. Lower left, you’ll be able to create a series of custom charts. To the right of that, we have sample G (ph) charts that already display some of our technical studies and provide you with examples on each of these studies. And in the upper right, you’ll have a number of chart resources that you can use to become more informed on technical studies and charts features on the terminal. Finally, in the lower right, you’ll be able to see the chart showcase of the day displaying essentially why a particular study would be important to view on the terminal. After viewing where a specific security has priced using our chart functionality, you can then switch over to get a fundamental picture of the overall company by running FAgo. FAgo is a dynamic and interactive fundamental analysis tool that displays the financial history of a specific company with full transparency to the financial statements. Here you can identify trends and analyze the value of a potential investment using the statements themselves, as well as comparative techniques and custom templates that allow you to access the data you need quickly in order to make an informed decision on an investment opportunity. The FAgo screen initially wakes up to the key stats tab located in the upper left. But as you can see, there are a series of tabs locates at the top that you can click into and which allow you to drill down further. So for example, clicking on the income statement, you will see that it has a series of sub-tabs as well. To suit your preferences, you can also click on the settings tab at the very top, and this will allow you to adjust your settings whenever you popular or run this particular function. One of the key benefits of the FAgo screen is the full transparency it offers into the numbers. For example, if you’d like to view the statement for which we have obtained a specific data point, simply click into the line item. So let’s say for example that we’d like to click into revenue for Apple. When you do that, you’ll be able to see exactly where we sourced our information from. You can click into the particular line item itself, drill down further, and on the right hand side, you’ll see two icons – two document icons which when clicked on allow you to view the source document itself and highlighted exactly where we got the information from. Let’s close out of this and go back to the main page on FA. You will see a number of things here. You’ll see that estimates, denoted by the letters EST, are included alongside historical data. You can click into any one of these estimates by view consensus estimates from sell-side analysts. This gives you a clear view of where the company has been and where it’s expected to go. Depending on your analysis, you’ll find it very easy to run a specific analysis based on ratios, which you’ll see located at the top, valuations, segments, or additional information with the tabs at the top. Each of these tabs, specifically the additional tab, pulls in the relevant key measures for that industry. With this insight into estimates, we can continue our equity research with the earnings estimate on EEOgo. Here on EEO, we aggregate all earnings estimates for a company in one place so you can quickly gauge market expectations on an investment opportunity. From this page, you’ll see a number of things. Starting at the very top, you’ll have the option to adjust the reporting period, as well as the consensus type and currency. Also from this page, you can customize your settings and set alerts for earnings data, for consensus date that you are interested in for this particular security. This will allow you to stay up-to-speed with any estimate shifts for a particular company. Here in this page we’re looking at consensus estimates which represent a consensus value for each measure based on reported sell-side expectations. Alongside each estimate, which is listed on the left hand side, you’ll see – or you will find the number of estimates received per measure. Whenever you hover over the exact estimate numbers, you’ll be able to see – or this will give you additional information, such as the number of analysts who revised the estimate itself, and other key information. If we click into a specific measure, you can get even more clarity on that figure. From here, you’ll see a breakdown in three main parts. In the top left, you’ll see a quick summary of the consensus data itself. To the right of that, you’ll see the historical values of the consensus data as plotted by the analysts. And just below that, you’ll see a breakdown of all of the analysts who contributed to the consensus. On the left hand side, you’ll be able to see or you’ll be able to click into the research provided by this particular analysis covering the security. And to the far right, you’ll be able to access a graph that allows you to view the analyst estimates historically alongside the price of the particular security that you are – that you are researching. So on one graph you have both the price and the historical estimates or the historical consensus estimates for that particular security. Let’s menu back to the consensus detail screen. And to go into further detail into the area in the top left, the consensus rating at the top is based on the analyst recommendations that are compiled by Bloomberg reporters and researchers around the world. ANR allows you to determine the latest analyst sentiment and identify which analysts have the most accurate equity rating. Another dynamic tool for analyst research is the function ANRgo. This is the home page for analyst recommendations. Here you will see a listing of the analyst recommendations, their price targets, price target time periods, and a consensus rating for a selected equity, which you’ll see in the upper left corner. Here as well, similar to the consensus estimates, you’ll also see a graph in the right hand side to view historical recommendations. At the top, the consensus ranking is based on analyst recommendations. They are compiled by Bloomberg reporters and researchers around the world. This page allows you to determine the latest analyst sentiment and identify which analysts have the most accurate equity rating. Bloomberg assigns a numerical value from one to five for every recommendation, where five represents a buy. In this example, sentiment on Apple appears to be a buy. You’ll see that there are more buys than holds and sells. This can also be seen in the consensus rating located right here in the top (inaudible). Now let’s take a look at the analyst recommendations. In the table at the bottom of the screen, you’ll be able to see that there is a column called BAR. This is the Bloomberg absolute return risk, which essentially highlights those analysts that have returned the most in terms of total return for this particular security. Let’s locate the analyst who has – who has returned the most for Apple. If we scroll down, you’ll be able to see that the analyst from BTIG was ranked first in terms of BAR. To the far right, you’ll be able to see a graph with that particular analyst – you’ll be able to see that this particular analyst for the duration that – for the amount of time that they’ve covered this security, they have excelled in terms of their recommendations. Now that we’ve seen charts, fundamentals, and earnings on a company, I’d like to continue our review of the core equity functionality with a peer analysis tool called relative value, or RVgo. You can use RV to perform a customized peer group analysis so that you can benchmark your security’s performance for capital structure against its peers. Once you are on the relative valuation screen, you’ll see three main sections. In the top left, you’ll be able to see how this particular security ranks across a number of sectors. To the right of that, you’ll key metrics for that particular security in comparison to its peers, to the median for its peers. Just below that, you’ll see the main portion of this screen, which is divided into several tabs. It initially wakes to an overview tab, which is the overview template, but you also have the option of clicking into the other templates that allow you to analyze the security or compare the security in different ways, such as the markets template and the EPS preview template. One great feature about the relative value function is that you can create your own custom template. And from there, you can enter the fields that are most relevant for you, as well as the securities that you would like to compare your main security against. Another peer comparative tool, PPC, complements this analysis. Let’s run PPCgo and you’ll see what I mean. With PPC, you’ll be able to take a different look at how companies fare against their peers by comparing them across product segments. It allows you to perform an in-depth analysis of company revenue by introducing the sector classification that you see on the left hand side, and the hierarchy that allows you to compare, depending on which sector you select, the key measures on the sidebar. On this screen, you’ll be able to select the classification for which you’d like to sort the security by. For example, VIX, GX (ph), or any of the ones listed below. You can also filter by the currency on the right hand side, and finally, by the industry to the right. From here, you will see the hierarchy located on the left sidebar. You can select any measure from the hierarchy sidebar. And then, let’s say for example you click into music download sites for Apple, and on the right side you’ll be able to see the company’s competitors within each product. This adds yet another layer of analysis into data collected through the financial statements to help you make an informed investment decision. You can also click into the numbers under the hierarchy section in order to view more transparency data, similar to what you can do with FA. This covers the basic equity overview on the Bloomberg terminal. The functions we went over today in news, broad market indicators, and security-specific analysis tools are just an introduction to the vast resources we have for you to make informed investment decisions. If you have any further questions, remember that you can hit the help key twice for 24-hour assistance with (inaudible) for future training opportunities. Thank you for your participation in Bloomberg Essentials.

Symbolism Of Death :: essays research papers

In â€Å"The Lottery† by Shirley Jackson, she speaks much about tradition in a small town in which many have been lost over the years. The black box, which Shirley speaks about in the beginning of the story, is of great importance. The black box represents the entrapment of tradition and the change over time. It is the trapping of tradition because now that it is worn and ragged they still do not want to change it because it is tradition. Along with the box changing many people’s views on The Lottery, it also lets the town’s people stand strong by themselves. Shirley Jackson in â€Å"The Lottery† uses symbolism and irony to foreshadow death. Although the towns’ people are gathering for a lottery drawing there is an air of nervousness about the event. From start to finish there is an overwhelming sense that something terrible is about to happen due to the authors deep use of foreshadowing. The setting and irony of the story starts when the day is described as a bright sunny day and all the towns’ people are looking forward for the Lottery on the big day, but not knowing the big day ends in death. Mrs. Hutchinson, as is seen later, is the only one who rebels against male domination, although only unconsciously. "She tapped Mrs. Delacroix on the arm as a farewell and began to make her way through the crowd" (318). The word "farewell" is used as foreshadowing to the climax of the story (318). Normally when a person enters a crowd of people they are greeted, but not Mrs. Hutchinson for she is obviously â€Å"leaving.† Although they are gathering for a lottery drawing there is an air of nervousness about the event. Shirley Jackson uses an abundance of foreshadowing, which indicates, to a degree, what is about to happen to the winner of the lottery drawing. There is at least one indicator within each individual paragraph, which lets the reader know that the lottery is disturbing, and that the people of the town are not looking forward to its commencement. The Lottery takes place on a clear, sunny, June day. It does not take long for the skies to turn gray as she introduces the readers to the black box. The black box is the central symbol of the short story. It suggests both death and necessity of change due to a combination of the passage of time and population expansion.

Consumer Questionnaire for Soft Drinks Essay

1.What is your monthly budget for consumption of drinks? Ans- Around Rs 300. 2 .Are you satisfied with the drinks available to you in the market? Ans- Yes, although different flavours would be appreciated, along with aerated fruit drinks. 3.Do you find the price range of these drinks to be appropriate?what is yan approximation of an ideal prioce? Ans- Not really. As it exceeds the budget if you generally eat out more than twice a week as is the case with most people. Rs 15 for 200 ml 4.Are you willing to make changes to your existing choice of product?what would u like to see in a drink? Ans- Yes, if a new product with my requirements is available. Less sugar , less preservatives natural, no preservatives colour calories etc 5.What more do you expect from your drink manufacturer that can help you to derive maximum satisfaction? Ans-Healthier drinks are more appreciated as opposed to sugar filled carbonated drinks. Also the pricing can be changed to make it better for consumers to buy on a regular basis. QUESTIONNAIRE FOR RETAILERS- MORE MANAGER, SADAKAT PEERZADE 1.What is your approximate profits from the sale of Soft drinks per month? Ans- turnover Around 1-2 lakhs, about 2-3 % . 2.Are you willing to take up promotional activities for a new range of products in this line? What kind? Ans- yes if the product is up to the standards we require and we get some incentives. 3.What is the feedback received from the consumers regarding the available products? Ans- Customers wanted more healthy options, drinks with less sugar, the most popular being Real fruit juices. 4.Do the existing manufacturer provide you assistance for the marketing of  their products? Ans-Yes such as discounts on products and special offers offering extra quantity at the same price. Coupon booklets are also used along with leaflets. 5.Do you suggest any changes in the Marketing/Distribution system which can help to save cost? Ans- Providing more coolers and other storage facilities for stock to ensure better distribution. Also better packaging, quick deliveries so extra stock need not be kept. Free samples.

Negotiable Instruments in Banking

0 Assignment On Negotiable Instruments in Banking Course Title: Introduction to Banking Course Code: FIN-305 Assigned To: Mr. S. M. Athiqur Rahman Lecturer Dept. of Business Administration Leading University, Sylhet, Bangladesh. Prepared By: Md. Inzamam-Ul Haq Talukder ID. # 1101010342 Section: E 7th Semester (27th Batch) Leading University, Sylhet, Bangladesh D ATE OF SUBMISSION: APRIL 21, 2013 i Declaration This assignment paper has been prepared by myself which is the title â€Å"Negotiable Instruments in Banking† under the supervision of Mr. S. M. Athiqur Rahman, Lecturer in Dept. f Business Administration, Leading University, Sylhet, Bangladesh. The duplication of this paper is prohibited without the permission of Author. Author Md. Inzamam-Ul Haq Talukder ID. # 1101010342 7th Semester (27th Batch) Leading University, Sylhet, Bangladesh ii Acknowledgement I would like to acknowledge the contributions of the individuals to the development of this assignment paper: Our clas s peer research group for the cooperation and camaraderie. I am also heartily thankful to my course teacher, Mr. S. M. Athiqur Rahman, Lecturer in Dept. f Business Administration, whose encouragement, guidance and support from the initial to the final level enabled me to develop an understanding of the subject. To my truly great friend Tanvir who has made available his support in a number of ways. Lastly, I offer my regards and blessings to all of those who supported us in any respect during the completion of the project. Md. Inzamam-Ul Haq Talukder Dept. of Business Administration ID. # 1101010342 iii Contents Sl. i. ii. iii. iv. v. vi. vii. Chapters Contents Name Abstract Page Number 1 2-4 5 – 16 17 – 18 19 – 20 21 – 22 23First Chapter Second Chapter Third Chapter Fourth Chapter Fifth Chapter Introduction General Context of the Study Data Collection and Limitation Result and Discussion Conclusion References iv Abstract Negotiable instruments are mainly governed by state statutory law. Every state has adopted Article 3 of the Uniform Commercial Code (UCC), with some modifications, as the law governing negotiable instruments. The UCC defines a negotiable instrument as an unconditioned writing that promises or orders the payment of a fixed amount of money. Drafts and notes are the two categories of instruments.A draft is an instrument that orders a payment to be made. An example is a check. A note is an instrument that promises that a payment will be made. Certificates of deposit (CD's) are notes. Drafts and notes are commonly used in business transactions to finance the movement of goods and to secure and distribute loans. To be considered negotiable an instrument must meet the requirements stated in Article 3. Negotiable instruments do not include money, payment orders governed by article 4A (fund transfers) or to securities governed by Article 8 (investment securities).The rule of derivative title, which is applicable in most area s of the law, does not allow a property owner to transfer rights in a piece of property greater than his own. If an instrument is negotiable this rule is suspended. A good faith purchaser, who does not have any knowledge of a defect in the title or claims against it, takes title to the instrument free of any defects or claims. In relation to the suspension of the rule of derivative title, Article 3 provides for warranties to protect the parties in transactions involving negotiable instruments.Checks are negotiable instruments but are mainly covered by Article 4 of the UCC. Secured transactions may contain negotiable instruments but are predominantly covered by Article 9 of the UCC. If there is a conflict between the Articles of the UCC both Article 4 and 9 govern over Article 3. 1 First chapter: Introduction 2 1. 1. Statement of The Study The word negotiable means ‘transferable by delivery’ and the word ‘instruments’ means a written document by which a righ t is created in favor of a person. Thus, the term negotiable instruments literally refer to a document containing rights that can be transferred by elivery. According to Section 13 (a) of the Act, â€Å"Negotiable instrument means a promissory note, bill of exchange or cheque payable either to order or to bearer, whether the word ‘order’ or ‘bearer’ appear on the instrument or not. † The rights that could be incorporated in negotiable instruments may be rights for payment of money arising out of various contracts such as the contract of loan, sale, lease, or any other contract performed by payment of a certain amount of money. Such rights may also arise from ownership in companies or loan made to the government or to a share company.The rights that are incorporated in negotiable instruments may be rights to receive goods under voyage or deposited in a warehouse. According to this provision, the holder of negotiable instruments can transfer the rights incorporated in the instrument by transferring the instrument. Similarly, a person who claims the rights incorporated in negotiable instruments may enforce or exercise them only if he has possession of the instrument, i. e. , he should be a holder to whom the instrument is issued or transferred following the rules governing its transfer.He must also present the instrument to the person who is supposed to perform the obligations arising out of the instrument. The fact that the rights incorporated in negotiable instruments may be transferred by the transfer of the instrument and the fact that a person may not exercise or enforce them unless he is in possession of the instrument are the two main features which distinguish negotiable instruments from other documents evidencing rights such as a title deeds whose transfer does not transfer the rights they establish.Another point that has to be noted here is that negotiable instruments are issued or negotiated based on other contracts. Fo r instance, a person may issue a bill of exchange to repay the money he has borrowed from the payee, the company issues a share certificate or debenture certificate as evidence of the person‘s right arising out of contract of partnership creating the company or a contract of loan respectively. The warehouse person or the carrier issues the warehouse goods deposit certificate or the bill of lading / consignment note based on contracts of warehousing or carriage respectively.Finally, the definition of negotiable instruments under the Ethiopian law is much wider than the one adopted by most legal systems, particularly those following the Common Law tradition. This is evident from the Uniform Commercial Code of the United States and the Bill of Exchanges Act of 1882, which restricts the concept to bills of exchange, cheques and promissory notes. 3 1. 2. Objectives of the Study Objective means the main reason or the main goals of the study. Here after this study we should be able t o- ? Understand meaning, essential characteristics and types of negotiable instruments; ?Describe the meaning and marketing of cheques, crossing of cheques and cancellation of crossing of a cheque; ? Explain capacity and liability parties to a negotiable instruments; and ? Understand various provisions of negotiable instrument Act, 1881 regarding negotiation, assignment, endorsement, acceptance, etc. of negotiable instruments. 4 Second chapter: General Context of the Study 5 2. 1. Literature Review The term, negotiable instrument means a written document which creates a right in favor of some person and which is freely transferable.Although the Act mentions only these three instruments (such as a promissory note, a bill of exchange and cheque), it does not exclude the possibility of adding any other instrument which satisfies the following two conditions of negotiability: a) the instrument should be freely transferable (by delivery or by endorsement. and delivery) by the custom of t he trade; and b) the person who obtains it in good faith and for value should get it free from all defects, and be entitled to recover the money of the instrument in his own name.A negotiable instrument is a document which includes a promise to pay a set sum of money to the bearer of the document either on demand or on a given date. The instrument can be freely transferred without the need to notify the person from whom it originated. Negotiable instruments are used to enable trade, because without them, people would be obliged to exchange money in person for all sorts of transactions, and this would quickly become unsafe in addition to unwieldy.One simple example of a negotiable instrument is a check. A check is written out to the bearer for a specific amount. The bearer can take the check to a bank and deposit it, thereby transferring the obligation to the bank. The bearer can also sign the check over to someone else, another example of a transfer. Checks also demonstrate another important property of negotiable instruments, which is that people need to have them in hand to redeem or negotiate them. If the document is lost, it cannot be called upon.As such, documents like share warrants payable to bearer, debentures payable to bearer and dividend warrants are negotiable instruments. But the money orders and postal orders, deposit receipts, share certificates, bill of lading, dock warrant, etc. are not negotiable instruments. Although they are transferable by delivery and endorsements, yet they are not able to give better title to the bona fide transferee for value than what the transferor has. 6 2. 2. Characteristics of a Negotiable Instrument A negotiable instrument has the following characteristics: ? Property:The possessor of the negotiable instrument is presumed to be the owner of the property contained therein. A negotiable instrument does not merely give possession of the instrument but right to property also. The property in a negotiable instrument ca n be transferred without any formality. In the case of bearer instrument, the property passes by mere delivery to the transferee. In the case of an order instrument, endorsement and delivery are required for the transfer of property. ? Title: The transferee of a negotiable instrument is known as ‘holder in due course. A bona fide transferee for value is not affected by any defect of title on the part of the transferor or of any of the previous holders of the instrument. ? Rights: The transferee of the negotiable instrument can sue in his own name, in case of dishonor. A negotiable instrument can be transferred any number of times till it is at maturity. The holder of the instrument need not give notice of transfer to the party liable on the instrument to pay. ? Presumptions: Certain presumptions apply to all negotiable instruments e. g. , a presumption that consideration has been paid under it.It is not necessary to write in a promissory note the words ‘for value receive d’ or similar expressions because the payment of consideration is presumed. The words are usually included to create additional evidence of consideration. ? Prompt Payment: A negotiable instrument enables the holder to expect prompt payment because a dishonor means the ruin of the credit of all persons who are parties to the instrument. 7 2. 3. The Nature and Purpose of Negotiable Instruments Negotiable instruments represent one form of property rights, i. e. exercised over incorporeal things â€Å"chose in action. † In other words, they are property rights in relation to objects of property which do not have physical or material existence and hence which cannot be perceived by the senses. A right of action under contract is a class of property known as ‘chose in action’ and can be distinguished from a corporeal movable property/ a ‘chose in possession’ which represent property rights exercised in relation to objects which have material or phy sical existence and hence can be perceived by the senses such as a book, a table or a watch.A holder of this type of property right must have actual possession of the object to exercise rights arising there from. Rights incorporated in negotiable instruments, rights of an inventor arising out of a grant of a patent in respect of his invention, rights of a copyrights holder, and rights of a trader in respect of his trademark, trade name and goodwill are instances of chose in action. Negotiable instruments also represent one kind of contract as every instrument embodies a contract or promise to pay a certain amount of money or to deliver goods according to terms agreed up on.As contracts, the general rules of contract shall apply unless they are specifically excluded from application by the special law applicable to negotiable instruments. As a result, the requirements necessary for the formation of a valid contract must be fulfilled for issuance of a valid and enforceable negotiable instrument. Hence, the parties who sign a negotiable instrument must have capacity under the law to enter into juridical acts, i. e. , minors and judicially interdicted persons may not create a valid contract through negotiable instruments.Furthermore, as a contract, any declaration or promise made on negotiable instruments must be accompanied by the signature of the person bound by such declaration or promise. Failure to comply with the requirements as to capacity and signature may be raised as a defense against any person who claims based on the instrument even against the holder in due course who, under other cases, is considered to be free from defenses available against the person who transferred the instrument to him. The parties must give their consent, which must be free from defects such as mistake, fraud, duress.The object of the contract must also be legal and possible. Where the contract does not fulfill requirements as to consent and object, a party affected may raise i t as a defense to avoid the contract and liability under the instrument. However, because of the special nature of these instruments, such defenses cannot be raised against a person, who acquires the instrument following the rules of transfer applicable to the instrument, and in good faith. 8 The main purpose of negotiable instruments is facilitation of commercial transactions.Commercial instruments are substitutes for money and are used as means of performance of money obligations. Dealing with them reduces the risk of loss or theft and the ease with which they can be transferred creates convenience which will in turn facilitate business. Transferable securities have the purpose of raising capital in the form of contributions made by purchase of shares and bonds, which is used for starting new businesses or expansion of existing businesses thereby increasing the production of goods and services in the country.A document of title to goods, whose negotiation transfers the goods repre sented by them, creates convenience and facilitates transactions involving the goods. For instance, a person selling warehoused goods can do so by endorsing and transferring the certificate of deposit and without the need to actually deliver the objects. When we come to the specific purposes of commercial instruments, promissory notes can be used as means of borrowing money, buying goods and services on credit and as method of evidencing a pre-existing debt.Certificates of deposit can be used as a device for encouraging individuals to deposit funds in banks; in return the holder of the certificate has the right to receive interest. Bills of exchange on the other hand have the purpose of collecting accounts financing, the movement of goods, and transfer funds. Checks serve as â€Å"vehicles for transfer of money and also used to aid in keeping records, reduces the risk of loss and destruction and theft of currencies. † 9 2. 4.Types of Negotiable Instrument Section 13 of the Ne gotiable Instruments Act states that a negotiable instrument is a promissory note, bill of exchange or a cheque payable either to order or to bearer. Negotiable instruments recognized by statute are: (i) Promissory notes (ii) Bills of exchange (iii) Cheques. Negotiable instruments recognized by usage or custom are: (i) Hundis (ii) Share warrants (iii) Dividend warrants (iv) Bankers draft (v) Circular notes (vi) Bearer debentures (vii) Debentures of Bombay Port Trust (viii) Railway receipts (ix) Delivery orders. 2. 4. 1.Promissory Notes Section 4 of the Act defines, â€Å"A promissory note is an instrument in writing (note being a bank-note or a currency note) containing an unconditional undertaking, signed by the maker, to pay a certain sum of money to or to the order of a certain person, or to the bearer of the instruments. † Essential elements: 1. It must be in writing 2. It must certainly an express promise or clear understanding to pay 3. Promise to pay must be unconditio nal 4. It should be signed by the maker 5. The maker must be certain 6. The payee must be certain 7. The promise should be to pay money and money only 8.The amount should be certain; and 9. Other formalities regarding number, place, date, consideration etc. 10 2. 4. 2. Bill of Exchange Section 5 of the Act defines, â€Å"A bill of exchange is an instrument in writing containing an unconditional order, signed by the maker, directing a certain person to pay a certain sum of money only to, or to the order of a certain person or to the bearer of the instrument†. A bill of exchange, therefore, is a written acknowledgement of the debt, written by the creditor and accepted by the debtor. There are usually three parties to a bill of exchange drawer, acceptor or drawer and payee.Drawer himself may be the payee. Essential conditions of a bill of exchange: 1. It must be in writing. 2. It must be signed by the drawer. 3. The drawer, drawee and payee must be certain. 4. The sum payable mu st also be certain. 5. It should be properly stamped. 6. It must contain an express order to pay money and money alone. 7. The order must be unconditional. Bills can be classified as: ? Inland and foreign bills. ? Time and demand bills. ? Trade and accommodation bills. 2. 4. 3. Cheques Section 6 of the Act defines â€Å"A cheque is a bill of exchange drawn on a specified banker, and not expressed to be payable otherwise than on demand†.A cheque is bill of exchange with two more qualifications, namely, (i) it is always drawn on a specified banker, and (ii) it is always payable on demand. Consequently, all cheques are bill of exchange, but all bills are not cheque. A cheque must satisfy all the requirements of a bill of exchange; that is, it must be signed by the drawer, and must contain an unconditional order on a specified banker to pay a certain sum of money to or to the order of a certain person or to the bearer of the cheque. It does not require acceptance. 11Specimen of a Cheque ABC Bank Date_____________ Pay ‘A;——————————————————————————–or the bearer sum of rupees———————————————————————————only. Rs——-/A/c No———LF—–Sd/No——————— Distinction between Bills of Exchange and Cheque: 1. A bill of exchange is usually drawn on some person or firm, while a cheque is always drawn on a bank. 2. It is essential that a bill of exchange must be accepted before its payment can be claimed a cheque does not require any such acceptance. . A cheque can only be drawn payable on demand, a bill may be also drawn payable on demand, or on the expiry of a certain period after date or sight. 4. A grace of three days is allowed in the case of time bills while no grace is given in the case of a cheque. 5. The drawer of the bill is discharged from his liability, if it is not presented for payment, but the drawer of a cheque is discharged only if he suffers any damage by delay in presenting the cheque for payment. 6. Notice of dishonor of a bill is necessary, but no such notice is necessary in the case of cheque. . A cheque may be crossed, but not needed in the case of bill. 8. A bill of exchange must be properly stamped, while a cheque does not require any stamp. 9. A cheque drawn to bearer payable on demand shall be valid but a bill payable on demand can never be drawn to bearer. 10. Unlike cheques, the payment of a bill cannot be countermanded by the drawer. 12 2. 4. 4. Hundis A â€Å"Hundi† is a negotiable instrument written in an oriental language. The term hundi includes all indigenous negotiable instruments whether they be in the form of notes or bills.The word ‘hundi’ is said to be derived from the Sanskrit word ‘hundi’, which means â€Å"to collect†. They are quite popular among the Indian merchants from very old days. They are used to finance trade and commerce and provide a fascicle and sound medium of currency and credit. Hundis are governed by the custom and usage of the locality in which they are intended to be used and not by the provision of the Negotiable Instruments Act. In case there is no customary rule known as to a certain point, the court may apply the provisions of the Negotiable Instruments Act.It is also open to the parties to expressly exclude the applicability of any custom relating to hundis by agreement (lndur Chandra vs. Lachhmi Bibi, 7 B. I. R. 682). 2. 5. Parties to Negotiable Instruments 2. 5. 1. a) b) c) d) 2. 5. 2. a) b) c) d) e) f) g) h) i) 2. 5. 3. a) b) c) d) Parties to a Promissory Note Maker Payee Holder The indorser and indorsee (the same as in the case of a bill) Parties to Bill of Exchange Drawer Drawee Acceptor Payee Indorser Indorsee Holder Drawee in case of need Acceptor for honor Parties to a Cheque Drawer Drawee Payee The holder, indorser and indorsee (the same as in the case of a bill or note). 3 2. 6. Functions of Negotiable Instruments Negotiable instruments serve the following functions: ? Substitute for money ? Credit device ? Record-keeping device Most purchases by businesses and many individuals are made by negotiable instruments instead of cash. 2. 7. Endorsement The word ‘endorsement’ in its literal sense means, writing on the back of an instrument. But under the Negotiable Instruments Act it means, the writing of one’s name on the back of the instrument or any paper attached to it with the intention of transferring the rights therein.Thus, endorsement is signing a negotiable instrument for the purpose of negotiation. The person who effects an endorsement is called an ‘endorser’, and the person to whom negotiable instrument is transferred by endorsement is called the ‘endorsee’. Essentials of a valid endorsement: The following are the essentials of a valid endorsement: 1. It must be on the instrument. The endorsement may be on the back or face of the instrument and if no space is left on the instrument, it may be made on a separate paper attached to it called allonage. It should usually be in ink. 2.It must be made by the maker or holder of the instrument. A stranger cannot endorse it. 3. It must be signed by the endorser. Full name is not essential. 4. It may be made either by the endorser merely signing his name on the instrument (it is a blank endorsement) or by any words showing an intention to endorse or transfer the instrument to a specified person (it is an endorsement in full). 5. It must be completed by delivery of the instrument. The delivery must be made by the en dorser himself or by somebody on his behalf with the intention of passing property therein. 6.It must be an endorsement of the entire bill. A partial endorsement i. e. which purports to transfer to the endorse a part only of the amount payable does not operate as a valid endorsement. If delivery is conditional, endorsement is not complete until the condition is fulfilled. 14 The payee of an instrument is the rightful person to make the first endorsement. Thereafter the instrument may be endorsed by any person who has become the holder of the instrument. The maker or the drawer cannot endorse the instrument but if any of them has become the holder thereof he may endorse the instrument (Sec. 51).The maker or drawer cannot endorse or negotiate an instrument unless he is in lawful possession of instrument or is the holder there of. A payee or indorsee cannot endorse or negotiate unless he is the holder there of. 2. 8. Dishonor of a Negotiable Instrument When a negotiable instrument is d ishonored, the holder must give a notice of dishonor to all the previous parties in order to make them liable. A negotiable instrument can be dishonored either by non-acceptance or by non-payment. A cheque and a promissory note can only be dishonored by non-payment but a bill of exchange can be dishonored either by nonacceptance or by non-payment. . 8. 1. Dishonor by non-acceptance (Section 91) A bill of exchange can be dishonored by non-acceptance in the following ways: 1. If a bill is presented to the drawee for acceptance and he does not accept it within 48 hours from the time of presentment for acceptance. When there are several drawees even if one of them makes a default in acceptance, the bill is deemed to be dishonored unless these several drawees are partners. 2. When the drawee is a fictitious person or if he cannot be traced after reasonable search. 3.When the drawee is incompetent to contract, the bill is treated as dishonored. 4. When a bill is accepted with a qualified acceptance, the holder may treat the bill of exchange having been dishonored. 5. When the drawee has either become insolvent or is dead. 6. When presentment for acceptance is excused and the bill is not accepted. 15 2. 8. 2. Dishonor by non-payment (Section 92) A bill after being accepted has got to be presented for payment on the date of its maturity. If the acceptor fails to make payment when it is due, the bill is dishonored by nonpayment.In the case of a promissory note if the maker fails to make payment on the due date the note is dishonored by non-payment. A cheque is dishonored by non-payment as soon as a banker refuses to pay. An instrument is also dishonored by non-payment when presentment for payment is excused and the instrument when overdue remains unpaid (Sec 76). 2. 9. Working Definitions ? Negotiable means transferable. The negotiation that goes on refers to the transfer of the instrument between two people, or from one bank to another, or even from one country to ano ther. In the broadest sense, almost any agreed-upon medium of exchange could be considered a negotiable instrument. In day-to-day banking, a negotiable instrument usually refers to checks, drafts, bills of exchange, and some types of promissory notes. ? A Negotiable Instrument is a written order promising to pay a sum of money. ? Banking is the business activity of accepting and safeguarding money owned by other individuals and entities, and then lending out this money in order to earn a profit. 16 Third chapter: Data Collection and Limitation 17 3. 1. Sources of the Data Secondary Sources: For making this study paper, I have collected necessary data from various secondary sources, where data already exists. Because it is cheaper to use and easy to find than having to carry out the research again. Secondary information such as definitions, instruments insights and functions were collected from books of different authors, internet articles and various researches. 3. 2. Limitations of the Data Collection Every study, no matter how well it is conducted has some limitations. When making this assignment, there were also some unavoidable limitations.First, because of the limited time limit, this study was conducted only on a small amount of data. Therefore, this study is little less informative. Also lack of required data. Lack of in-depth knowledge of the topic. Finally, the complexity of the study, as well as the scarcity of related information might decrease the performance of the research. 18 Fourth chapter: Result and Discussion 19 4. 1. Findings In this study I have found a lot of essential knowledge about Negotiable Instruments that are used in banking sectors. Some of them are given below? The instruments should be freely transferable.An instrument cannot be negotiable unless it is such and in such state that the true owner could transfer by simple delivery or endorsement and delivery. ? Negotiability involves two elements namely, transferability free from e quities and transferability by delivery or endorsement. ? The holder of the instrument is presumed to be the owner of the property contained in it. ? ? All Negotiable Instruments are freely transferable. The instrument is transferable till maturity and in case of cheques till it becomes stale (on the expiry of 6 months from the date of issue). Certain equal presumptions are applicable to all negotiable instruments unless the contrary is proved. ? Finally, every negotiable instrument was made or drawn for consideration irrespective of the consideration mentioned in the instrument or not. 20 Fifth chapter: Conclusion 21 5. 1. Final decision: In this study we have understood the concept of Negotiable Instruments and how different negotiable instruments are supporting Banking Sectors. A negotiable instrument is a piece of paper which entitles a person to a sum of money and which is transferable from one person to another by mere delivery or by endorsement and delivery.The characteristic s of a negotiable instrument are easy negotiability, transferee gets good title, and also transferee gets a right to sue in his own name and certain presumptions which apply to all negotiable instruments. There are two types of negotiable instruments (a) Recognized by statue: Promissory notes, Bill of exchange and cheques and (b) Recognized by usage: Hundis, Bill of lading, Share warrant, Dividend warrant, Railway receipts, Delivery orders etc.The parties to bill of exchange are drawer, drawee, acceptor, payee, indorser, indorsee, holder, drawee in case of need and acceptor for honor. The parties to a promissory note are maker, payee, holder, indorser and indorsee while parties to cheque are drawer, drawee, payee, holder, indorser and indorsee. Negotiation of an instrument is a process by which the ownership of the instrument is transferred by one person to another. There are two methods of negotiation: by mere delivery and by endorsement.In its literal sense, the term ‘indors ement’ means writing on an instrument but in its technical sense, under the Negotiable Instrument Act, it means the writing of a person’s name on the face or back of a negotiable instrument or on a slip of paper annexed thereto, for the purpose of negotiation. A bill may be dishonored by non-acceptance (since only bills require acceptance) or by non-payment, while a promissory note and cheque may be dishonored by non-payment only. Noting means recording of the fact of dishonor by a notary public on the bill or paper or both partly.Protest is a formal notarial certificate attesting the dishonor of the bill. The term ‘discharge’ in relation to negotiable instrument is used in two senses, viz. , (a) discharge of one or more parties from liability thereon, and (b) discharge of the instrument. 22 References Michael D. Floyd. â€Å"Mastering Negotiable Instruments: Ucc Articles 3 and 4 and Other Payment Systems (Mastering Series)†. Published Jun 30, 2008 Law of Negotiable Instruments, 6th edition 2007 – By Tan Peng Chin LLC Chapter 73 — Negotiable Instruments: http://www. eg. state. or. us/ors/073. html DocsFiles: http://docsfiles. com/pdf_ negotiab le_instruments. html Ethiopian Legal Brief: http://chilot. me/teaching-materials/insurance-banking-and-negotiable-instruments/ FindThatDoc: http://www. findthatdoc. com/search-95781382-hPDF/download-documents-bltch19pdf. htm Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia: http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Negotiable_instrument Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia: http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Negotiable_Instruments_Act,_1881 23

Evaluation Essay Essay Example

Evaluation Essay Essay Example Evaluation Essay Essay Evaluation Essay Essay Essay Topic: Apocalypse Now How did the American civilization progress from the Vietnam War Era? Cornelia Roberts-PryceChamberlain College of NursingHUMN-303N-14171: Introduction to Humanistic disciplinesSpring 2013 * Introduction to the Community: Identify the community you will be utilizing for this paper and supply a brief description of the community. Your community should be the country where you live or the country environing your work scene. * Windshield Survey: Measure your community by making an informal windscreen study. Drive through the country and place types of lodging. schools. churches. health care suppliers. and environmental or safety jeopardies. You will necessitate to discourse the undermentioned six observations in your paper. 1. Community verve 2. Indexs of societal and economic conditions3. Health resources4. Environmental conditions related to wellness5. Social operationAttitude toward health care I. Introduction and Thesis StatementSee the impact of the Vietnam War on American civilization. In the decennaries prior to the eightiess. two issues beset American civilization: civil rights and the Vietnam War. Both were televised straight into life suites on all three channels. On college campuses throughout the universe. but particularly on American campuses. antiwar protests were everyday. Flower peoples frequently were thought to carry on themselves on the premises of antiwar. free sex. and tonss of drugs. The music that emerged from this epoch is still famously current and listened to today. It was an epoch of convertibles. gas guzzlers. freedom. and eternal summers. Then that coevals grew into adults– ( your parents and grandparents ) . Writing with sensitiveness to the niceties of the epoch. what happened to the dream? Thesis: The Vietnam War Era and its influence on American civilization. II. Events that Led to the war. Background:hypertext transfer protocol: //wiki. replies. com/Q/How_did_the_Vietnam_War_start ( James Avery. 2012 ) The Era of the sixtiess and 1970s was a disruptive clip for the American people. Not merely was there a war traveling on with many American lives being lost every twenty-four hours but on college campuses throughout the state pupils were protesting the bill of exchange and the war itself. Additionally. the Civil Rights motion was at its flood tide and Blacks and their sympathisers were contending for their rightful topographic point in the American society. It was the Era that produced the â€Å"Baby Boomers† and all of the impact this has brought to the American civilization as they become the aging population of the Millennium. Today. the Vietnam Veterans Memorial ( The Wall ) has moved beyond its function as an international symbol of mending and bases as a life history lesson. but many of today’s immature people have a limited cognition of the Vietnam W ar. The war was influenced by the fact that the American President at the clip did non desire Communism to be spread in the East and finally to America. . In 1957 the Soviet Union proposes a lasting division of North and South Vietnam. and separate inclusion of both in the United Nations. The US refuses to hold to this. keeping the sovereignty of the South. The struggle took topographic point in phases over several decennaries. Frustrated with the deficiency of advancement to reunite the North and south motivates Ho- ( The Chinese leader ) tried to re-ignite force and the Second Indo China War rewards from 1957 through 1961 against the authorities of South Vietnam. After a visit by Vice President Johnson in May 1961. President Kennedy orders 400 Green Berets to describe as particular advisors to the forces of South Vietnam in affairs of counter-insurgency and guerilla warfare. The function of the Green Berets expands to include the constitution of the CIDG ( Civilian Irregular Defense Groups ) who attempt to halt incursions by North Vietnamese military personnels. In October 1961 in response to studies from his military advisors. Kennedy increases the troop strength in Vietnam to 8000. November 1963 President Kennedy is assassinated and Lyndon Johnson in sworn in. By Christmas Eve 1964 US military personnels in Vietnam grows to 23. 000. Johnson is elected to the office of President and takes office in 1965. Operation Rolling Thunder Begins and 100 US bombers begin assailing marks in North Vietnam in uninterrupted onslaughts. On March 8. 1965 3500 US Marines Land at China Beach to support the air base at Da Nang. fall ining the 23. 000 advisors as the first US combat military personnels in state. In April. Johnson orders an addition of 20. 000 support forces in South Vietnam. In May. Johnson increases troop strengths once more by telling in the 173rd Airborne Brigade. 3500 combat military personnels. July Johnson orders an addition to 125. 000 military personnels. made up of 44 battalions. By twelvemonth terminal. troop degrees in Vietnam reach 184. 000. By 1967 US troop degrees in Vietnam reach 389. 000. Casualties rise to 5008 killed. and 30. 093 wounded. Congress authorizes war support of $ 4. 5 billion. Johnson increases troop strengths from 475. 000 to 520. 000. Johnson halts Rolling Thunder in 1968 with hopes of re-starting peace negotiations ; the US loses 922 planes and crews in 302. 380 sallies. By the terminal of 1968 the figure of US military personnels in Vietnam holds at 495. 000 and 30. 000 KIA. In January 1969. Richard Nixon becomes the thirty-seventh US President. Five US Presidents have been involved in the struggle in Vietnam. By April 1969 troop degrees top out at 539. 000. casualties reach 33. 641. By July of 1969 Nixon begins retreating military personnels with the callback of 800 9th Infantry soldiers. In September. Nixon orders decreases of 35. 000 military personnels and reduces the bill of exchange. By December. Nixon orders home another 50. 000 military personnels. He promises the backdown of 150. 000 in 1970. and military personnels strengths autumn to 156. 300 by the terminal of 1971. Troop decreases continue. and on April 8. 1975 at 8:34 AM the last US soldier. a US Embassy Marine leaves Vietnam’ The clime of the period: During that clip the Civil Rights motion was at its flood tide and pupils were protesting a figure of issues including the rights of the Black population. the bill of exchange ( which was subsequently changed from compulsory to volunteer ) . the war itself. freedom of the imperativeness and other political issues. The epoch is celebrated for its â€Å"muscle† autos and free love. It was the clip of the Woodstock concert which was extremely publicized- the historic field where 100s of 1000s of stone music lovers gathered in August 1969. And the music is still popular even today. A 1994 festival on the same site was better organized and more successful financially. if less legendary. In 1999 a 3rd festival was marred by a little public violence. The Museum at Bethel Woods. a multimedia exhibit infinite attached to a acting humanistic disciplines centre. opened in 2008. with the declared mission of continuing the original festival site and educating visitants about the music and civilization of the Woodstock epoch. During this epoch there was a big eventuality of flower peoples whose slogan was â€Å"make love non war† . They protested the war and advocated passive resistance and love. By the mid-1970s the motion had waned. and by the 1980s flower peoples had given manner to a new coevals of immature people who were purpose on doing callings for themselves in concern and who came to be known as yuppies ( immature urban professionals ) . Nonetheless. flower peoples continued to hold an influence on the wider civilization. seen. for illustration. in more relaxed attitudes toward sex. in the new concern for the environment. and in a widespread decrease of formality. III. Effectss of Advancement ( James L. Gibson. 2009 ) . One result of the protests and coverage by the imperativeness was the debut of societal justness learning in the course of study of public schools. â€Å"Social-justice instruction is †¦ about learning childs to inquiry who of all time happens to keep the reins of power at a peculiar minute. It’s about seeing yourself non merely as a consumer [ of information ] . but as an actor-critic† in the universe around you. said Bill Bigelow. the course of study editor for Rethinking Schools. a Milwaukee-based organisation that publishes instructional stuffs and policy documents related to issues of race. equity. and instruction policy. Assorted war arms were used in the Vietnam including weedkillers. These weedkillers were developed for the armed forces to assist cut down works and flora in dense terrains. conveying the enemy out of concealment and protecting the American military personnels and their Alliess from ambuscade. They were besides used to destruct any nutrient harvests that the Viet Cong relied on to feed their ground forces of soldiers. Statisticss show that over 20 million gallons were sprayed with 15 different weedkillers. some being colour coded geting in barrels. and all purportedly with no harmful effects to worlds. The spray was released from aeroplanes. choppers. trucks. and soldiers transporting back pack sprayers. Little did anyone know at this clip. that more tragic history environing the Vietnam War was about to blossom. and the name of the Satanwas Agent Orange. Agent Orange was a codification name for the barrel with the orange colored steel set. Chemically. it is a 50/50 mixture of two different weedkillers. 2. 4-D. and 2. 4. 5-T. and 11 million gallons of this toxic defoliant was used between 1965 through 1970. Over 6. 000 missions. with 10 % being over Vietnam. were sprayed with Agent Orange. and some in Cambodia and Laos to use the Ho Chi Minh Trail. which was a cardinal supply path for the Viet Cong. Agent Orange killed flora of all types including the root systems. go forthing waste trees and underbrush blackened and disgusting smelling. One of the constituents of Agent Orange was a chemical called Dioxin. which today is considered to be one of the most unsafe substances in the universe. Dioxin is besides known as TCDD. which caused a assortment of inauspicious wellness effects in lab animate beings. and has been linked to legion potentially unsafe and deathly wellness jobs. The World Health Organization has since classified the chemical Dioxin as a known homo carcinogen which can damage sensitive parts of the organic structure like the hormone. immune. and nervous systems. Many Americans still go on to endure from different wellness jobs due to Agent Orange and Dioxin with some being passed on down to their kids with assorted complications. In 1978 the Veterans Administration set up a plan to assist veterans with their demands from being exposed to Agent Orange. Some of the effects from this lay waste toing chemical like Skin annoyance and some skin diseases like Chloracne. Nerve upsets including peripheral neuropat hy. Type 2 diabetes. Miscarriages in adult females Birth defects. some physical malformations and SpinaBifida. Neurological upsets. Cancers. Over 900. 000 of the subsisters of the war had to cover with lesions. amputations. and Post traumatic emphasis upset. While some of these things discussed may non be considered promotions at first glimpse it is because the military learned a great trade about warfare and how to utilize the arms including biological arms expeditiously and efficaciously. It is during this clip of war that Arpanet was foremost introduced. It was made in March 26. 1976. and finally morphed into the cyberspace. The Vietnam War had many long permanent effects on the veterans who fought for America from the 1950s to the seventiess. Some veterans from Vietnam even formed groups against the war. These veterans formed an organisation known as Vietnam Veterans against the War. The organisation had a intent. â€Å"It was organized to voice the turning resistance among returning military mans and adult females to the still-raging war in Indochina. and grew quickly to a rank of over 30. 000 throughout the United States every bit good as active responsibility GIs stationed in Vietnam. Discuss how the promotion affected the humani stic disciplines ( Samus Bendwan. 2009 ) Interview with Frank Christie. 2013 Q. Were you drafted for the war or did you volunteerA: I was drafted in 1967Q. How long was your circuit of responsibility?A: Until 1971Q. What was your feeling of the Vietnamese people and Vietcon? A: They were willing to make anything to kill us. They would utilize adult females and childs to discourage us from killing them. It was a barbarous war. Q. How were things in the US and at place different from when you left? A. I was injured and had an honest discharge but I did non experience like a hero. The American populace treated us every bit victims every bit much as victimisers. if non as brave heroes. no 1 was at that place to observe my homecoming. I have fellow companions that committed suicide after the war. I had to contend for my benefits and had a difficult clip happening a occupation. I found it hard to acquire educational and medical benefits and to keep household relationships. The Veterans Administration had to alter their policies so that they could handle us better and eventually developed plans to turn to the posttraumatic emphasis upset ( PTSD ) afflicting every bit many as 700. 000 of us. I got involved with the civil rights motion and the terminal of the bill of exchange things were different from before I left. Some good things were that and the authorities eventually started to acknowledge us as heroes even though we didn’t win the war and the Public started sing us otherwise after this equivocal war the lone thing left is the Veterans Memorial as a drab reminder of the loss of excessively many immature Americans. and of what the war did to the United States and its messianic belief in its ain overweening virtuousness. The Vietnam War has been publically portrayed in a figure of outstanding movies. Taxi Driver. Apocalypse Now. Full Metal Jacket and Platoon are merely some of those Discuss how the promotion affected the universe ( insert writer and day of the month ) As a consequence of the activities during this epoch subcultures and counter civilizations arose some of which are still in being today. Some illustrations of those is the feminist motion. the pop civilization ( a new and different sort of musical penchant following ) the flower peoples. IV. Development of the AdvancementDiscuss how the promotion has evolved ( Marcus s. Cox. 1973 ) America has an over 200 twelvemonth tradition of belowground publications crossing a broad scope of societal and political look. One noteworthy period in this tradition was the epoch of the sixtiess and early seventiess. and students’ attempts to show themselves and dispute the position quo. Student attending was drawn to issues such as the Vietnam War. women’s rights. and civil rights. while university decision makers sought to keep orderly campuses through progressively restrictive ordinances. This led to liberate address and less suppression of the imperativeness and what they could or could non compose. Not all the results of the epoch were positive. The Vietnam War affected some veterans in a really negative manner. Many veterans besides suffered from negative stereotypes of Vietnam veterans following the Vietnam War. It is stated. â€Å"There are relentless stereotypes about Vietnam veterans as psychologically devastated. bitter. homeless. dependent stateless people. † ( Cox. 1973 ) It was during this epoch that heroine was introduced into the state. The returning vets found themselves addicted because they used narcotics to assist bury the hurting. Discuss effects of promotion on ulterior clip periods ( Marcus S. Cox. 1968-1973 ) The Civil Rights motion began in the 60’s and Martin Luther King Jr. was a protestor of the War. While Black college campuses throughout the South reacted to King’s blackwash. in Baton Rouge over 2. 000 pupils and community occupants marched to the State Capital to protest racism and favoritism in Louisiana. It was a clip of alteration as the American Public had non seen in times past. The remainder of the universe saw the disruptive times and many other states became interested in the result of the motion. The result was Torahs upholding equality for everyone. including Anti-discrimination. equal chance and the right to vote. V. ConclusionThe epoch of the Vietnam war was an epoch of convulsion pandemonium and alteration. There were presentations about the war. freedom of address. the Civil Rights motion when Blacks and their sympathisers were contending for their rightful topographic point in the American society and the feminist motion. It was the Era that produced the â€Å"Baby Boomers† . Rock and Roll. the cyberspace and many other alterations that deeply influenced alteration and new Torahs in the US and even throughout the universe. There were developments in biological warfare and the US learned about PTSD and handling the injury of war experienced by our veterans. Mentions hypertext transfer protocol: //wiki. replies. com/Q/How_did_the_Vietnam_War_startThe Author. James Avery is a frequent subscriber to Answers. Com and has made many parts to Wikipedia. He often corrects mistakes in some of the replies and is really active on the page. Sampson Bendwan is an writer for ArticlesBase and has written over 20 published and reviewed articles. He has been a member since July 2009 He is a history fan from Silver Springs. MD. hypertext transfer protocol: //www. articlesbase. com/politics-articles/facts-about-the-vietnam-war-1647799. hypertext markup language Frank Christie-Interview with a Veteran. Mr. Christie served in Vietnam from 1967 to 1971. During that clip he witness and participated in combat and was discharged after he sustained a life altering hurt. He is presently a retired car machinist who lives in New Jersey and is a widowman. Marcus S. Cox. â€Å"Keep Our Black Warriors Out of the Draft† : The Vietnam Antiwar Movement at Southern University. 1968-1973Marcus S. Cox is an helper professor of history and manager of Afro-american surveies at The Citadel. Charleston. South Carolina. James L. Gibson The Journal of Politics / Volume 51 / Issue 01 / February 1989. pp 13-35 Political Science Association 1989 DOI: hypertext transfer protocol: //dx. Department of the Interior. org/10. 2307/2131607 ( About DOI ) . Published online: 18 December 2009 James L. Gibson is a professor of political scientific discipline at the University of Houston. In this article the writer analyses the relationship between mass and elite political intolerance and the acceptance of inhibitory public policies by the provinces of the United States. He focuses on legislative acts adopted by the provinces during the Vietnam War epoch that were designed to repress dissent on university campuses. The analysis reveals that inhibitory public policy reflected neither the intolerance of the mass public nor the political elites in the province. Alternatively. limitations on campus protest seemed to be a direct response to degrees of break on the campuses. Manzo. K. ( 2008 ) . Election Renews Controversy over Social-Justice Teaching. Education Week. 28 ( 10 ) . 1. This article was written during the 2008 presidential run. Social-justice instruction has been under an particularly rough because one of its advocates is William C. Ayers. a leader of the violent Weather Underground of the Vietnam War epoch whose ties to Barack Obama have become a outstanding issue for oppositions of the Democratic presidential campaigner. This article presents statements from the advocates and oppositions of social-Justice instruction in schools. hypertext transfer protocol: //www. britannica. com. placeholder. devry. edu/EBchecked/topic/266600/hippie Encyclopedia Britannica. History and Society

Fantasy Christmas Shopping Lesson Plan

Fantasy Christmas Shopping Lesson Plan Christmas shopping is fun for both the shopper and the recipient. When the Sunday papers begin to show up on Thanksgiving, your students are eagerly looking at the advertising section in the middle. Why not create a Make Believe shopping activity that will harness your students Christmas enthusiasm and turn it into independent problem solving academic behavior? This lesson plan features a project that provides project-based learning. Lesson Plan Title: A Fantasy Christmas Shopping Spree. Student Level Grades 4 through 12, depending on students ability. Objectives Students will choose items for family members within a prescribed budget.Students will assemble choices on a T Chart with a full accounting of money spent, including sales tax.Students will share their Shopping Fantasy with peers. This plan involves both Math and English Language Arts Standards. Math Math Operations and Algebraic 4.OA.3. Solve multi-step word problems posed with whole numbers and having whole-number answers using the four operations, including problems in which remainders must be interpreted. Represent these problems using equations with a letter standing for the unknown quantity. Assess the reasonableness of answers using mental computation and estimation strategies including rounding. English Language Arts RI (Reading Informational Text) 4.7. Interpret information presented visually, orally, or quantitatively (e.g., in charts, graphs, diagrams, time lines, animations, or interactive elements on Web pages) and explain how the information contributes to an understanding of the text in which it appears. W (Writing). 4.4. Produce clear and coherent writing in which the development and organization are appropriate to task, purpose, and audience. Time Three 30 minute periods (in a 50 minute period, use 15 minutes for warm-up and the last 5 minutes for wrap up and closure.) Materials Shopping inserts from your local Sunday Newspapers.The T Chart that lays out the project.Planning sheets for each family member.Scissors, glue and writing utensils.A Rubric for the project.12 X 18 Construction paper for folders, scrap construction paper, and other art supplies. Procedure: Day One Anticipatory Set Pair and Share: have students partner with someone and share what is on their Christmas wish list. Report out.Present and review the T-chart and the Rubric. Students need to know that they must stay within the budget (created by taking the number of family members and multiplying it by $50.)Planning: Have each student  take as many pages as they have members of their family. Sometimes its a good idea to put them (your students) into the mix: it motivates them. I have found the enthusiasm that they have for choosing things for their families is enough: for students on the autism spectrum, I would recommend a page for each student as well. The planning page guides them through a brainstorming activity: what sort of things would your mother, sister, brother like? That will help focus their shopping spree.Let students loose with the advertisers: task them with choosing something for each member of their family, cut the item out and put it in the business envelope.Check in five minutes before the bell:Ask Individual children to share their choices: Who did you shop for? How much have you spent so far?Review estimation: About how much did you spend? Round to the nearest dollar or to the nearest 10. Model on the board.Review tasks: what has been completed and what you will do the next day. Day Two Review: Take the time to check in: What have you finished? Who has already found all their items? Remind them that they have to stay within the budget, including tax (if your students understand multiplication and percents. Dont include sales tax for students who are still only adding and subtracting. Modify this to your students abilities. You are special educators, remember?)Give time to students to continue their work: you may want to check in with students who need extra support to be sure they are not getting waylaid.Check in before dismissal to check progress. State when the end date will be: Tomorrow, or will you provide time and materials at the end of each period? You might easily spread this activity over the balance of a week. Final Day Presentations: give your students an opportunity to present their final projects. You might want to mount them a bulletin board and give students a pointer.Presentations should include who is in their family, what each one wants.Provide lots of feedback, especially praise. This is a good time to teach students to learn to give feedback, as well, though focus on positive feedback only.Return the rubric with a grade and notes. Evaluation and Follow-Up Follow up is about being sure that your students have learned something from the process: Did they follow all the directions? Did they figure the tax correctly? Students grades are based on the rubric.  If you have differentiated your use of them, many students who have never gotten an A will get an A on this project. I remember the incredible excitement my students in Philadelphia experienced to get that first A. They worked hard and deserved them.

Country Report on Mexico Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Country Report on Mexico - Coursework Example The other institution is the legislature. The institution has two components: the senate and the Chamber of Deputies (CIA 1). The senate comprises of 126 seats while the chamber comprises of 500 seats. The other institution is the judiciary. Judiciary is divided into two parts; highest court(s) and subordinate courts. Justices serve for life (CIA 1). The country enjoys presidential system of governance. This is because the president is a reflection of the popular vote by the people. The state economy appears not to be influenced by bureaucracy as elected representatives make majority of the decision. The country also boasts of strict electoral rules. First, there are strict rules for one to participate in voting process. For example, an eligible voter has to be 18 years and above, Mexican citizen, have honest ways of livelihood (Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU) 1). One may be disqualified for a criminal conviction, imprisonment, and for being a fugitive. Candidates must also be qualif ied electors and be submitted by duly registered political parties. Mexico has unique parties and party system. The countries enjoy various political groups. The groups include Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI), National Action Party (PAN), Democratic Revolutionary Party (PRD), Green Party of Mexico (PVEM), Citizens’ Movement (MC), Labor Party (PT) and NEW Alliance Party. In the last election, the PRI regained power after spending over a decade in the opposition (IPU 1). The party remained the largest party in the parliament but could not afford an outright majority. The party managed only 212 seats in the chamber of deputies and 128 seats in the senate (IPU 1). In the last election, PAN was the second party in terms of seats. PAN controlled 114 seats in the Chamber of Deputies and 38 seats in the senate (IPU 1). Enrique Pena Nieto is the current president and won under the coalition of the PRI and PVEM. Voter turnout rates have been fluctuating in Mexico in the